Provenance · scholarship · reuse

Sources & rights

This independent public beta presents the surviving narrative through Wikimedia Commons images. It is not affiliated with, endorsed by, or certified by the City of Bayeux, the Bayeux Museum, Wikimedia Commons, UNESCO, or any cited author or institution.

This is a public beta. The transcriptions, translations, commentary, citation locators and scene and annotation positions have not completed scholarly review. They may contain errors. Image reuse remains subject to the rights notices below; public availability does not imply museum permission or endorsement.

Image reuse status

Wikimedia Commons identifies this reproduction as public domain under its PD-Art policy. Separately, the museum’s panorama terms permit non-commercial consultation and require City of Bayeux permission for HD reproductions of details. This project’s non-commercial purpose does not itself resolve those conditions. Permission or another documented basis for this project’s image use has not yet been recorded.

Image provenance

Source
Wikimedia Commons revision 1228601040, uploaded 2023-09-12
Dimensions
482,096 × 5,550 pixels
SHA-256
dc6717cc882a42984d328a58021b7d97a081ce0c0549c35057c34e1d16eca6b5
Current display
The listed dimensions and SHA-256 identify the verified master input. The public derivative passed the project’s matching full-pixel Deep Zoom verification gate.

Required image credit

Official digital representation of the Bayeux Tapestry – 11th century. Credits: City of Bayeux, DRAC Normandie, University of Caen Normandie, CNRS, ENSICAEN. Photos: 2017 – La Fabrique de patrimoines en Normandie.

Wikimedia Commons identifies this reproduction as public domain under its PD-Art policy. Separately, the museum’s panorama terms permit non-commercial consultation and require City of Bayeux permission for HD reproductions of details. This project’s non-commercial purpose does not itself resolve those conditions. Permission or another documented basis for this project’s image use has not yet been recorded.

Opening sequence

Replay opening

The overhead opening refers to the British Museum’s September 2026–July 2027 loan exhibition, not the tapestry’s permanent home in Bayeux. It uses historical satellite and vertical aerial imagery, not a live view or a reconstruction of the exhibition interior. This project is not affiliated with either museum, Google or the imagery providers.

Global and regional satellite imagery: NASA Earth Observatory / Reto Stöckli, Blue Marble Next Generation (August 2004), with regional crops via NASA GIBS. NASA imagery is used under its open data-use guidance.

London satellite imagery: EOxCloudless by EOX IT Services GmbH (Contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2016), CC BY 4.0. Geographic crop of the 2016 mosaic.

Museum and neighbourhood overhead photography: Environment Agency RGB vertical aerial photography, survey catalogued 2008. © Environment Agency copyright and/or database right 2022. All rights reserved. Licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.

Intro assets are cropped, normally resampled to geographic coordinates where necessary, and compressed for display. They contain no generated or reconstructed buildings and remain under their source terms, outside the code and editorial licences. The animation uses self-hosted files with no live or metered map service.

The introduction uses one local device preference to remember that it has been seen. No cookies, tracking or visitor data are sent.

Editorial method

How the notes are made

Scene titles, summaries, English translations and annotation prose are newly written drafts for this project. Commentary is paraphrased rather than copied. Notes distinguish observation, context, interpretation or conservation, name their current references, and identify contested readings.

The visible ending is treated as the end of the surviving embroidery—not proof of the work's original ending. Nothing missing is reconstructed. This public beta is available before scholarly review and verification of the final image coordinates are complete.

Transcription is diplomatic in intent: stitched case, unusual letter forms and separate labels are retained where the research images permit. Conventions vary between the two draft source sets and remain subject to palaeographic review. For Harold, the project renders Latin dux contextually as “earl.”

Bibliography

33 cited sources

Bibliographic references and available locators are listed below. Some claim-specific locators remain to be verified.

  1. City of Bayeux, DRAC Normandie, University of Caen Normandie, CNRS and ENSICAENCity of Bayeux, DRAC Normandie, University of Caen Normandie, CNRS and ENSICAEN. Official digital representation of the Bayeux Tapestry. Photographs: La Fabrique de patrimoines en Normandie, 2017. Numbered panorama ruler, scenes 01–29; zoom to stitched captions and figures.
  2. Martin K. FoysFoys, Martin K. Bayeux Tapestry Digital Edition. Scholarly Digital Editions, 2003; revised online edition, 2011. Scene descriptions and linked panel commentary; individual entries below identify the official scene number.
  3. Gale R. Owen-CrockerOwen-Crocker, Gale R. ‘The Embroidered Word: Text in the Bayeux Tapestry.’ Medieval Clothing and Textiles 2 (2006): 35–60. pp. 35–60, especially the discussion of letter forms, abbreviations, dividers and inscription hands.
  4. Lucien MussetMusset, Lucien. The Bayeux Tapestry. Translated by Richard Rex. Woodbridge: Boydell Press, 2005. pp. 35–37 on inscriptions; p. 88 on the restored opening name; p. 112 on Turold; p. 114 on HIE; scene commentary throughout.
  5. Stephen D. WhiteWhite, Stephen D. ‘Is the Bayeux Embroidery a Record of Events?’ In The Bayeux Tapestry and Its Contexts: A Reassessment, by Elizabeth Carson Pastan and Stephen D. White with Kate Gilbert, 33–58. Woodbridge: Boydell Press, 2014. Chapter 2, pp. 33–58.
  6. Stephen D. WhiteWhite, Stephen D. ‘The Prosopography of the Bayeux Embroidery and the Community of St Augustine’s, Canterbury.’ In The Bayeux Tapestry and Its Contexts: A Reassessment, 82–104. Woodbridge: Boydell Press, 2014. Chapter 4, pp. 82–104, especially the discussion of Turold and other named minor figures.
  7. Stephen D. WhiteWhite, Stephen D. ‘Locating Harold’s Oath and Tracing His Itinerary.’ In The Bayeux Tapestry and Its Contexts: A Reassessment, 105–125. Woodbridge: Boydell Press, 2014. Chapter 5, pp. 105–125; oath scene W26, Plate X, fig. 13.
  8. Stephen D. WhiteWhite, Stephen D. ‘The Fables in the Borders.’ In The Bayeux Tapestry and Its Contexts: A Reassessment, 154–182. Woodbridge: Boydell Press, 2014. Chapter 7, pp. 154–182; opening fable sequence at W4–8, Plates III and figs. 2–4.
  9. Elizabeth Carson PastanPastan, Elizabeth Carson. ‘Representing Architecture.’ In The Bayeux Tapestry and Its Contexts: A Reassessment, 183–209. Woodbridge: Boydell Press, 2014. Chapter 8, pp. 183–209.
  10. Stephen D. WhiteWhite, Stephen D. ‘Legal Ceremonies and the Question of Legitimacy.’ In The Bayeux Tapestry and Its Contexts: A Reassessment, 210–236. Woodbridge: Boydell Press, 2014. Chapter 9, pp. 210–236.
  11. Ann FreemanFreeman, Ann. ‘The Identity of Aelfgyva in the Bayeux Tapestry.’ Annales de Normandie 41, no. 2 (1991): 117–134. pp. 117–134; main-register encounter and the mimicking nude figure in the lower border.
  12. Richard David WissolikWissolik, Richard David. ‘Duke William’s Messengers: An “Insoluble, Reverse-Order” Scene of the Bayeux Tapestry.’ Medium Ævum 51, no. 1 (1982): 102–107; corrigendum 51, no. 2 (1982): 151. pp. 102–107 and corrigendum p. 151; messenger sequence corresponding to official scenes 10–12.
  13. Victoria ThompsonThompson, Victoria. ‘Kingship-in-Death in the Bayeux Tapestry.’ Reading Medieval Studies 25 (1999): 107–121. pp. 107–121, particularly pp. 108–116 on the funeral/deathbed sequence and Edward’s liminal pose.
  14. Dean and Chapter of WestminsterDean and Chapter of Westminster. ‘Edward the Confessor and Edith.’ Westminster Abbey. Sections on Edward’s church, its consecration on 28 December 1065, Edward’s death on 5 January 1066 and burial.
  15. English HeritageEnglish Heritage. ‘A Restless Reign: Harold II in 1066.’ Section ‘The end of a reign’: the Vita Ædwardi account, witnesses at Edward’s deathbed, burial and Harold’s accession.
  16. Francis BirrellBirrell, Francis. Guide to the Bayeux Tapestry. 2nd ed. London: British Museum, 1921. Project Gutenberg eBook 65918. Part II, ‘The Scenes Described,’ printed pp. 4–8; Part IV, ‘The Inscriptions,’ printed pp. 14–18.
  17. Bayeux Museum / City of BayeuxBayeux Museum / City of Bayeux, 'Official Bayeux Tapestry digital representation,' panorama based on the 2017 photographic campaign by La Fabrique de patrimoines en Normandie, with University of Caen Normandie, CNRS and ENSICAEN. Official scene navigator and inscription overlay, entries/scenes 30–58; consulted 4 September 2026.
  18. Gale R. Owen-CrockerGale R. Owen-Crocker, 'The Bayeux Tapestry: Invisible Seams and Visible Boundaries,' Anglo-Saxon England 31 (2002): 257–273. pp. 263–271, especially pp. 265–269 on scenes 35, 37–38, 41, 45, 47 and 51–58; pp. 271–273 on the lost ending.
  19. Pierre Bouet and François NeveuxPierre Bouet and François Neveux, 'Edward the Confessor's Succession According to the Bayeux Tapestry,' in The Bayeux Tapestry: New Approaches, ed. Michael J. Lewis, Gale R. Owen-Crocker and Dan Terkla (Oxford: Oxbow Books, 2011), 59–65. pp. 59–65 (succession, Harold's accession, and the tapestry's narrative position).
  20. David Hill and John McSweenDavid Hill and John McSween, 'The Storage Chest and the Repairs and Changes in the Bayeux Tapestry,' in The Bayeux Tapestry: New Approaches, ed. Michael J. Lewis, Gale R. Owen-Crocker and Dan Terkla (Oxford: Oxbow Books, 2011), 44–51. pp. 44–51, especially cautions about treating present stitching as wholly original.
  21. David S. SpearDavid S. Spear, 'Robert of Mortain and the Bayeux Tapestry,' in The Bayeux Tapestry: New Approaches, ed. Michael J. Lewis, Gale R. Owen-Crocker and Dan Terkla (Oxford: Oxbow Books, 2011), 75–80. pp. 75–80, including the identities of Robert of Mortain and the disputed Eustace figure.
  22. Hirokazu TsurushimaHirokazu Tsurushima, 'Hic Est Miles: Some Images of Three Knights: Turold, Wadard and Vital,' in The Bayeux Tapestry: New Approaches, ed. Michael J. Lewis, Gale R. Owen-Crocker and Dan Terkla (Oxford: Oxbow Books, 2011), 81–91. pp. 81–91, especially the status and possible Odo/Canterbury connections of Wadard and Vital.
  23. Michael R. DavisMichael R. Davis, 'Leofwine and Gyrth: Depicting the Death of the Brothers in the Bayeux Tapestry,' in The Bayeux Tapestry: New Approaches, ed. Michael J. Lewis, Gale R. Owen-Crocker and Dan Terkla (Oxford: Oxbow Books, 2011), 92–95. pp. 92–95, specifically scene 52 and the uncertain assignment of individual figures to Leofwine and Gyrth.
  24. Carol Neuman de VegvarCarol Neuman de Vegvar, 'Dining with Distinction: Drinking Vessels and Difference in the Bayeux Tapestry Feast Scenes,' in The Bayeux Tapestry: New Approaches, ed. Michael J. Lewis, Gale R. Owen-Crocker and Dan Terkla (Oxford: Oxbow Books, 2011), 112–120. pp. 112–120, especially the Norman pre-battle feast and its vessels.
  25. Elizabeth Carson PastanElizabeth Carson Pastan, 'Bishop Odo at the Banquet,' in Elizabeth Carson Pastan and Stephen D. White, The Bayeux Tapestry and Its Contexts: A Reassessment (Woodbridge: Boydell Press, 2014), 126–153. chapter 6, pp. 126–153; the banquet, Odo's blessing gesture and visual analogues.
  26. Stephen D. WhiteStephen D. White, 'The Fall of the English,' in Elizabeth Carson Pastan and Stephen D. White, The Bayeux Tapestry and Its Contexts: A Reassessment (Woodbridge: Boydell Press, 2014), 237–259. chapter 10, pp. 237–259; scenes W57–73 and the battle narrative.
  27. Pierre BouetPierre Bouet, 'Les chevaux de la tapisserie de Bayeux,' In Situ 27 (2015). paras. 2–3 and 8–10 on cavalry and harness; paras. 14–29 and figs. 15–25 on movement and battle, especially scenes 40, 48, 50, 53 and 56.
  28. English HeritageEnglish Heritage, 'How to Organise a Norman Invasion Fleet.' sections 'Step 3: Build Lots More Ships' and 'Step 4: Pack Your Supplies.'
  29. English HeritageEnglish Heritage, 'What Happened at the Battle of Hastings.' sections 'How Do We Know?', 'Taking Up Position', 'Stalemate', 'Trick Tactics', and 'The Death of King Harold.'
  30. English HeritageEnglish Heritage, 'A Canterbury Tale: The Bayeux Tapestry and St Augustine's Abbey.' discussion of Odo's blessing pose, the St Augustine Gospels Last Supper analogue, the borders and Canterbury production hypothesis.
  31. NASA ScienceNASA Science, '1P/Halley.' opening historical overview and Bayeux Tapestry illustration identifying the 1066 object as Halley's Comet.
  32. Martin K. FoysMartin K. Foys, 'Pulling the Arrow Out: The Legend of Harold's Death and the Bayeux Tapestry,' in The Bayeux Tapestry: New Interpretations, ed. Martin K. Foys, Karen Eileen Overbey and Dan Terkla (Woodbridge: Boydell Press, 2009), 158–175. pp. 158–175, especially pp. 171–174 on the placement of the name and the sword-struck figure.
  33. British MuseumBritish Museum, three hand-painted plaster casts after Charles Stothard, museum no. 1878,1101.379. catalogue description identifying scene 30 (Harold enthroned) and scene 46 (William receiving a messenger).

Project licences

Application code is released under the MIT License. Original editorial content is released under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0.

The tapestry imagery is explicitly excluded from both licences. Its reuse is governed by the source notices above and applicable law.

Corrections and takedown requests

Accuracy is an ongoing responsibility. Please open a public issue with a scene number, the relevant source, and the requested correction, or use the same route for a rights concern.

Open a GitHub issue